Clinical Features of Congenital Anosmia

The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical features of congenital anosmia. We retrospectively analyzed 205 patients at our hospital for olfactory disturbances over a 4-year period. The overall prevalence of congenital anosmia was found to be 3.4% (7/205). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed the absence of the olfactory bulbs, tracts, and hypoplasia of the olfactory sulci in all patients. Two patients who had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome of the patients who complained of olfactory disturbances, the prevalence of congenital anosmia was found to be 3.4%. These results may aid in explaining clinically rare conditions. We emphasize that young patients should be carefully observed for the development of secondary sex characteristics, and hormone replacement therapy should be considered in patients of a fertile age.